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leetcode 笔记


题目描述

给你一个字符串 s,以及该字符串中的一些「索引对」数组 pairs,其中 pairs[i] = [a, b] 表示字符串中的两个索引(编号从 0 开始)。

你可以 任意多次交换 在 pairs 中任意一对索引处的字符。

返回在经过若干次交换后,s 可以变成的按字典序最小的字符串。

 

示例 1:

输入:s = "dcab", pairs = [[0,3],[1,2]]
输出:"bacd"
解释: 
交换 s[0] 和 s[3], s = "bcad"
交换 s[1] 和 s[2], s = "bacd"
示例 2:

输入:s = "dcab", pairs = [[0,3],[1,2],[0,2]]
输出:"abcd"
解释:
交换 s[0] 和 s[3], s = "bcad"
交换 s[0] 和 s[2], s = "acbd"
交换 s[1] 和 s[2], s = "abcd"
示例 3:

输入:s = "cba", pairs = [[0,1],[1,2]]
输出:"abc"
解释:
交换 s[0] 和 s[1], s = "bca"
交换 s[1] 和 s[2], s = "bac"
交换 s[0] 和 s[1], s = "abc"
 

提示:

1 <= s.length <= 10^5
0 <= pairs.length <= 10^5
0 <= pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1] < s.length
s 中只含有小写英文字母

来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/smallest-string-with-swaps
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

code

并查集。 给定[a, b], [b, c] 则 a, b, c 位置可随意调换。所以把连通的全部找出来,每条链排小序。

class Solution {
 public:
  string smallestStringWithSwaps(string s, vector<vector<int>>& pairs) {
    int size = s.size();
    vector<int> par(size, -1);
    for (auto& i : pairs) par[find_parent(par, i[0])] = find_parent(par, i[1]);
    unordered_map<int, vector<int>> mp;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
      if (par[i] != -1) mp[find_parent(par, i)].push_back(i);
    
    for (auto& i : mp) {
      vector<char> tmp;
      for (int j : i.second) tmp.push_back(s[j]);
      sort(tmp.begin(), tmp.end());

      int ti = 0;
      for (int j : i.second) s[j] = tmp[ti++];
    }

    return s;
  }

 private:
  int find_parent(vector<int>& par, int x) {
    if (par[x] != -1 && par[x] != x)
      return par[x] = find_parent(par, par[x]);
    else
      return par[x] = x;
  }
};

一刀流。 逻辑复杂,不太适合一刀

fun smallestStringWithSwaps(s: String, pairs: List<List<Int>>): String = String(s.toCharArray().apply { pairs.fold(Array(s.length) { -1 }) { par, i -> par[par.findParent(i[0])] = par.findParent(i[1]);par }.let { par -> par.indices.fold(mutableMapOf<Int, MutableList<Int>>()) { acc, i -> if (par[i] != -1) acc.getOrPut(par.findParent(i)) { mutableListOf() }.add(i);acc } }.forEach { (_, l) -> l.zip(l.map { s[it] }.sorted()).forEach { (i, v) -> this[i] = v } } })
class Solution {
    private fun Array<Int>.findParent(x: Int): Int {
        if (this[x] != -1 && this[x] != x) this[x] = findParent(this[x]) else this[x] = x
        return this[x]
    }

    fun smallestStringWithSwaps(s: String, pairs: List<List<Int>>): String = String(
        s.toCharArray().apply {
            pairs.fold(Array(s.length) { -1 }) { par, i ->
                par[par.findParent(i[0])] = par.findParent(i[1])
                par
            }.let { par ->
                par.indices.fold(mutableMapOf<Int, MutableList<Int>>()) { acc, i ->
                    if (par[i] != -1) acc.getOrPut(par.findParent(i)) { mutableListOf() }.add(i)
                    acc
                }
            }.forEach { (_, l) ->
                l.zip(l.map { s[it] }.sorted()).forEach { (i, v) -> this[i] = v }
            }
        })
}

import scala.collection.mutable

object Solution {


  def smallestStringWithSwaps(s: String, pairs: List[List[Int]]): String = {


    def find_parent(par: Array[Int], x: Int): Int = {
      par(x) = if (par(x) != -1 && par(x) != x) find_parent(par, par(x)) else x
      par(x)
    }

    val par = pairs.foldLeft(Array.fill(s.length)(-1))((par, l) => {
      par(find_parent(par, l.head)) = find_parent(par, l.last)
      par
    })

    String.valueOf(
      par.indices.foldLeft(mutable.Map[Int, mutable.ListBuffer[Int]]())((mp, i) => {
        if (par(i) != -1) mp.getOrElseUpdate(find_parent(par, par(i)), mutable.ListBuffer()).addOne(i)
        mp
      }).foldLeft(s.toCharArray)((sArray, i) => {
        i._2.zip(i._2.map(s(_)).sorted).foreach(i => sArray(i._1) = i._2)
        sArray
      })
    )
  }
}

函数式:

use std::collections::HashMap;
impl Solution {
    pub fn smallest_string_with_swaps(s: String, pairs: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> String {
        let mut s = s.into_bytes();
        let size = s.len();

        fn find_parent(par: &mut Vec<i32>, x: usize) -> usize {
            par[x] = if par[x] != -1 && par[x] != x as i32 {
                find_parent(par, par[x] as usize) as i32
            } else {
                x as i32
            };
            par[x] as usize
        }

        let mut par = pairs.iter().fold(vec![-1; s.len()], |mut par, i| {
            let pi = find_parent(&mut par, i[0] as usize);
            par[pi] = find_parent(&mut par, i[1] as usize) as i32;
            par
        });
        
        (0..size)
            .fold(HashMap::new(), |mut mp, i| {
                let v = par[i];
                if v != -1 {
                    mp.entry(find_parent(&mut par, v as usize))
                        .or_insert(vec![])
                        .push(i)
                }
                mp
            })
            .values()
            .for_each(|l| {
                l.iter()
                    .zip({
                        let mut tmp = l.iter().fold(vec![], |mut acc, &i| {
                            acc.push(s[i]);
                            acc
                        });
                        tmp.sort();
                        tmp
                    })
                    .for_each(|(&i, v)| {
                        s[i] = v;
                    });
            });

        String::from_utf8(s).unwrap()
    }
}

常规写:

use std::collections::HashMap;
impl Solution {
    pub fn smallest_string_with_swaps(s: String, pairs: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> String {
        let mut s = s.into_bytes();
        let size = s.len();

        fn find_parent(par: &mut Vec<i32>, x: usize) -> usize {
            par[x] = if par[x] != -1 && par[x] != x as i32 {
                find_parent(par, par[x] as usize) as i32
            } else {
                x as i32
            };
            par[x] as usize
        }

        let mut par = pairs.iter().fold(vec![-1; s.len()], |mut par, i| {
            let pi = find_parent(&mut par, i[0] as usize);
            par[pi] = find_parent(&mut par, i[1] as usize) as i32;
            par
        });

        let mut mp: HashMap<usize, Vec<usize>> = HashMap::new();
        for i in 0..size {
            let v = par[i];
            if v != -1 {
                mp.entry(find_parent(&mut par, v as usize))
                    .or_insert(vec![])
                    .push(i)
            }
        }

        mp.values().for_each(|l| {
            let mut tmp: Vec<u8> = l.iter().map(|&i| s[i]).collect();
            tmp.sort();
            l.into_iter().zip(tmp).for_each(|(&i, v)| s[i] = v)
        });

        String::from_utf8(s).unwrap()
    }
}